European Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences

How Could the Aegean Sea Be Affected After Chemical Tanker Collisions in the Strait of Çanakkale (Dardanelles)?

2024-12-16T10:32:25+00:00

Today's technology and requirements directly affect human needs. According to the International Maritime Organization - IMO, more than 90% of all needs in the world are transported by Maritime Transportation, and ships have a very important role in this regard. It is known that most of the maritime and producing countries are interested in energy transportation and that these kinds of transportation modes are very important for the development of countres. In this context, the navigation in important passages and canals around the world affects both human life and the marine environment. The Straits of Istanbul and Çanakkale, which are major parts of the Turkish Straits Sea Area-TSSA, are undoubtedly important natural waterways. If precautions are not taken, especially after an accident that may occur in the Çanakkale Strait, pollution will reach the Aegean Sea due to currents. The study describes insights into pollution impacts and prevention activities.

Analysis of Solar Radiation and Remote Sensing Indices for Coastal Management in Oman

2024-12-16T07:36:21+00:00

This study examines the seasonal variations in temperature, chlorophyll indices, and solar radiation to enhance coastal management strategies along the coast of Muscat, Oman. Temperature data, measured in Kelvin, revealed a clear warming trend from winter to summer, with mean values increasing from 299.37 K in January to 311.05 K in October. The Chlorophyll-a Index (CAI) and the Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) were analyzed to assess marine productivity and vegetation health. Results showed negative CAI values in the winter months, indicating lower chlorophyll concentrations, which gradually improved by October. The NDCI remained positive across all months, with the highest mean observed in January, suggesting active photosynthetic vegetation during this period. Solar radiation, measured as All Sky Surface Shortwave Downward Irradiance (kW-hr/m2), peaked in April and July, aligning with increased temperatures and indicating maximum solar energy input during these months. This increase in solar radiation was found to significantly influence the chlorophyll indices, reflecting seasonal shifts in marine and coastal ecosystem productivity. The interrelationship between temperature, chlorophyll indices, and solar radiation highlights the complex environmental dynamics governing coastal processes in Muscat. These findings underscore the importance of integrating solar radiation data and remote sensing techniques into coastal management frameworks. Such an interdisciplinary approach can inform evidence-based strategies for mitigating environmental impacts and fostering sustainable development along Oman's coastlines.

Exploring the Impact of Solar Radiation on Environmental Dynamics in Oman Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

2024-12-16T08:27:30+00:00

This study delves into the intricate relationship between solar radiation and vegetation health in Oman, focusing on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a key indicator of ecosystem resilience. Utilizing advanced remote sensing techniques and comprehensive climate data, we analyze seasonal variations in solar radiation and NDVI across different ecological landscapes. Our findings reveal distinct seasonal patterns, with solar radiation peaking in April and July, while NDVI values fluctuate, reflecting the vegetation's response to varying environmental conditions. The analysis highlights that high solar irradiance alone does not guarantee robust vegetation health, emphasizing the role of other factors such as temperature and water availability. In particular, summer months exhibit signs of vegetation stress despite high irradiance levels, suggesting the influence of heat and potential drought conditions. This research provides actionable insights for effective environmental management and agricultural practices in Oman, advocating for strategies that consider both solar radiation dynamics and additional climatic factors. By integrating these findings, policymakers and stakeholders can develop informed interventions to enhance vegetation resilience and mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on Oman's ecosystems. This study contributes to the broader discourse on climate change adaptation, underscoring the necessity of incorporating solar radiation metrics into holistic environmental assessments and sustainability strategies.

Eco Trends in Civil Engineering

2024-12-20T09:02:42+00:00

Civil engineering is a human activity, a scientific and technical discipline that includes the design, organization and execution of all civil engineering and construction works. Some of the common construction products are roads, bridges, railways, tunnels, ports, drainage and water supply systems, dams, residential and public buildings, sports halls, etc. The construction of new buildings reduces the amount of green or arable land needed by the population. Also, the demolition of existing buildings creates waste that needs to be properly disposed. The problem of waste disposal is very pronounced nowadays, so it is necessary to look for new ways of using existing as well as newly created waste. One of the available ways of using waste is its incorporation into materials used in the construction of buildings. The above can be observed through the concept of circular economy, which is the opposite of linear economy. Circular economy says that products should be kept as long as possible in their life cycle, i.e. that no waste is created. Such resources should be reused in other products. The paper will present some of the materials that can be reused in construction, as well as application of certain products that improve certain properties of construction products. Some examples are reuse of glass fiber reinforced plastic in concrete, utilizing biosilica to enhance the compressive strength of cement mortar, boosting concrete strength with sewage sludge fly ash, adding rubber into the concrete mix and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste in concrete mixture. Eco trends must be applied in all phases: from design to construction and to removal of various objects. Eco trends in civil engineering are aimed at protecting the environment by reducing the amount of unusable waste material and saving on construction material prices.

Why Are Pomegranate Molasses Important?

2024-12-17T12:00:35+00:00

As the awareness of healthy life develops, the importance of functional foods increases. One of these foods is pomegranate molasses. It is noteworthy that the production and consumption in the Middle East and the world is increasing day by day. Pomegranate mollasses is obtained by pressing the pomegranate fruit and thickening the pomegranate juice in the open or under vacuum by heat treatment. It is a durable product because of high acidity and water soluble dry matter. It is used in soups, salads and special dishes (lahmacun, döner, meatball etc.). It has a high medical and nutritional value. It is a powerful antioxidant and rich in anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds. It has antitumoral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. With the increasing demand in recent years, it has been observed that the quality of pomegranate molasses has decreased and additives such as glucose syrup, date syrup and lemon salt have been added. Especially in pomegranate molasses produced by traditional method, there are problems such as high temperature in open boiler and not paying attention to packaging. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of pomegranate molasses, to point out its difference with pomegranate sour sauce and to draw attention to the production of high quality pomegranate molasses.

Fertilization zones generation using satellite imagery

2024-12-26T17:09:21+00:00

One of the main goals of precision agriculture is to maximize crop yields, which requires efficient utilization of fertilizers. We present an automated procedure for generating a vector layer of zones that require different intensity of fertilization based on the value of vegetation index obtained from Sentinel-2 imagery. After obtaining the images we create a histogram, where the number of bins determines the number of fertilization zone classes we wish to obtain. Using the marching squares algorithm, we produce a final vector layer, which is exported to the GeoPackage format, making it compatible with modern agricultural equipment. We observe that fertilization zone generation depends on the field size, as large fields can generate more compact zones. Smaller fields tend to result in fragmented zones, due to bigger influence of neighboring regions pixels intensities. This approach thus offers a scalable solution for generation of fertilization zones, that can be used in fertilization map generation, but adjustments would be needed to reduce the effect of fragmentation.

Optimization of a 33-Bus Power Distribution System Using Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm for Power Loss and Voltage Stability Enhancement

2024-12-28T12:50:41+00:00

This paper presents an optimization study on the 33-bus power distribution system using a reconfiguration technique to enhance system performance. The optimization process employs two objective functions: minimizing active power losses and improving voltage stability through the reduction of the voltage stability index. The Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA), a novel metaheuristic approach, is adopted due to its efficiency in handling complex optimization problems. The proposed methodology is applied to both single-objective and multi-objective scenarios to comprehensively evaluate the system’s performance. Results demonstrate significant improvements in power loss reduction and voltage stability enhancement, underscoring the effectiveness of the AHA in optimizing reconfigured power distribution networks.

Simultaneous Allocation, Sizing, and Power Factor Optimization of Wind Turbines and EV Charging Stations in Power Distribution Networks

2024-12-28T15:40:55+00:00

This study explores the application of the Runge-Kutta Algorithm (RKO), a cutting-edge metaheuristic search technique, for the simultaneous allocation, sizing, and power factor optimization of wind turbines in power distribution systems. The research also involves the concurrent allocation of three 2 MW electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, integrated alongside the wind turbine installations. The objective is to minimize power loss while ensuring the efficient integration of renewable energy sources and EV charging infrastructure. The proposed RKO-based approach is evaluated for its effectiveness in optimizing component placement and enhancing overall system performance under dynamic load conditions. Simulation results indicate that the RKO algorithm offers a robust and efficient method for reducing power loss, making it a promising tool for future energy distribution system optimization.

Optimization of PV, Capacitor Bank, and EV Charging Station Allocation in a 33-Bus Power Distribution System Using the Slime Mould Algorithm

2024-12-28T12:57:39+00:00

This study presents a comprehensive approach to the optimal allocation and sizing of photovoltaic (PV) systems and capacitor banks in a 33-bus power distribution system, focusing on enhancing system performance. Simultaneously, the allocation of PV systems, capacitor banks, and electric vehicle (EV) charging stations is addressed to optimize system efficiency. The primary objectives include minimizing active power losses and improving the voltage profile across the network. To solve this complex optimization problem, the Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), a cutting-edge metaheuristic technique, is employed as an advanced tool for distributed generation (DG) allocation. SMA's robust search capability and adaptability make it well-suited for addressing the multi-objective nature of this study, delivering optimized results that balance system losses and voltage stability. The proposed method demonstrates significant potential for improving the efficiency and stability of modern power distribution networks.

Numerical Simulation of Mass Transfer Mechanism of Stratospheric Solar Powered Telecommunication Balloons

2024-12-25T08:50:12+00:00

Stratospheric balloon systems, which have the ability to fly for longer periods of time such as months or even a year in 20 km or higher layers of the atmosphere, have been an elusive goal to achieve in recent years. It is critical issue to resolve the energy matter of stratospheric balloon to supply unmanned vehicles working at target altitudes for extended durations. As an ideal alternative, solar power units are supplied to the balloons by mounting them on the balloon's envelope and classified as solar powered balloons. This method can cause the buoyant gas inside the balloon to overheat and pressurize, leading to further gas leakage from the balloon's polymeric material. In this investigation, modeling of the mass transfer mechanism of a solar-powered zero-pressure balloon has been set up and simulated using iterative techniques in Fortran program for the first time in literature. The simulation has been run for solar powered balloon flight under one of the cities of Turkey’s real atmospheric conditions including solar radiation flux and wind velocities. The temperature variation of interior helium and mass transfer coefficient and diffusion coefficient with thermal effect have been analyzed and compared with the unpowered stratospheric balloon in summer season conditions. The maximum temperature, mass transfer coefficient and diffusivity of the interior helium for solar powered and unpowered balloon is obtained as 350.51 K, 1.74 x 10^-2 m/s, 0.83x10^-8 m/s² and 310.49 K, 1.48x10^-2 m/s, 0.78x10^-8 m/s² respectively. These results will be helpful to design the solar powered balloon systems to stay at higher altitudes for longer durations

Hydraulic Rebound Stopper affect for passsenger cars on shock absorber

2024-12-27T06:23:35+00:00

The vehicles driving on the road, road-related impacts affect the chassis. These impacts should not be transmitted to the cabin. The That absorbs these impacts between the chassis and cabin is the shock absorber. The shock absorber does this damping by converting motion energy into heat energy. During this energy conversion, the hydraulic flow inside the shock absorber is limited by piston valve. The valve damping force is adjustable according to vehicle type for the passive Shock Absorbers and occurs reaction forces during driving. However, the damping force must be variable in order to meet driving dynamics and driver expectations that change over time. Active shock absorbers are used to provide this variability. However, active shock absorbers are more costly and more difficult to implement. For this reason, different technologies such as hydraulic rebound stopper and hydraulic compression stopper are used in passive shock absorbers to ensure the variability of force. In this study, comparative numerical data were obtained by applying the hydraulic rebound stopper system to the shock absorbers used in small family cars and lower middle-class cars. In road conditions where the reaction force of the valve against the hydraulic fluid is not sufficient, the hydraulic rebound stopper is activated by creating extra force. With this extra force, disturbing vibrations to the vehicle and the driver are dampened, increasing driving safety and comfort.

Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Urban 5G Wireless Communication Systems

2024-09-11T19:23:46+00:00

The deployment of 5G technology in urban environments is recognised as a significant opportunity to revolutionise wireless communication across various sectors. This paper investigates strategies for optimising energy efficiency within urban 5G networks, emphasising the utilisation of beamforming technology and advanced antenna configurations. The impact of system parameters such as transmitter power levels, carrier frequencies, antenna heights, and construction materials on energy consumption and signal propagation is explored through comprehensive numerical results and scenario-based simulations. The findings reveal substantial signal attenuation and path loss variations across different frequencies, antenna heights, and materials. Moreover, they demonstrate the critical role of beamforming in enhancing signal propagation and reducing energy consumption through directed transmissions. The adoption of beamforming techniques not only minimises interference but also enables higher data rates, thereby improving network efficiency. The research identifies optimal deployment strategies, including selecting appropriate antenna parameters and integrating beamforming technologies. These strategies lead to significant improvements in energy efficiency within 5G networks operating in urban environments, offering practical solutions for network design and deployment efforts. This research paves the way for the seamless integration of 5G technology into urban infrastructures. This research significantly contributes to the growing knowledge of optimising 5G wireless communication systems in urban settings. By prioritising energy efficiency and leveraging advanced technologies such as beamforming, stakeholders in the field are empowered to harness the transformative potential of 5G. This research helps meet the evolving communication needs of urban populations while minimising environmental impact, a crucial consideration in today's world.