Analysis of Solar Radiation and Remote Sensing Indices for Coastal Management in Oman

Abstract

This study examines the seasonal variations in temperature, chlorophyll indices, and solar radiation to enhance coastal management strategies along the coast of Muscat, Oman. Temperature data, measured in Kelvin, revealed a clear warming trend from winter to summer, with mean values increasing from 299.37 K in January to 311.05 K in October. The Chlorophyll-a Index (CAI) and the Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) were analyzed to assess marine productivity and vegetation health. Results showed negative CAI values in the winter months, indicating lower chlorophyll concentrations, which gradually improved by October. The NDCI remained positive across all months, with the highest mean observed in January, suggesting active photosynthetic vegetation during this period. Solar radiation, measured as All Sky Surface Shortwave Downward Irradiance (kW-hr/m2), peaked in April and July, aligning with increased temperatures and indicating maximum solar energy input during these months. This increase in solar radiation was found to significantly influence the chlorophyll indices, reflecting seasonal shifts in marine and coastal ecosystem productivity. The interrelationship between temperature, chlorophyll indices, and solar radiation highlights the complex environmental dynamics governing coastal processes in Muscat. These findings underscore the importance of integrating solar radiation data and remote sensing techniques into coastal management frameworks. Such an interdisciplinary approach can inform evidence-based strategies for mitigating environmental impacts and fostering sustainable development along Oman's coastlines.