Effect of Opening Frame Materials with Different Mechanical Properties on the Behavior of Unreinforced Masonry Structures

Abstract

This study critically examines the seismic vulnerability of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. URM buildings are renowned for their aesthetic appeal and structural simplicity, but are particularly susceptible to damage during seismic events due to their non-reinforced nature and the brittleness of the construction materials. In earthquake-prone regions, the choice of materials used in the frames of openings, including windows and doors, can significantly affect the resilience of a structure. The language used is clear, objective, and value-neutral, with a formal register and precise word choice. The text adheres to conventional structure and formatting features, including consistent citation and footnote style. The sentences and paragraphs create a logical flow of information with causal connections between statements. The text is free from grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors. No changes in content have been made, and the text remains balanced and objective throughout.This paper presents an in-depth analysis of how various framing materials, each with distinct mechanical properties, influence the seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. The research involves using the advanced capabilities of SAP2000 V23 software to numerically model a two-story URM building subjected to seismic loads. The objective is to compare the seismic responses of the structure when different framing materials are used, specifically evaluating changes in displacement, stress levels, and base shear forces. The findings are expected to highlight the often-overlooked importance of selecting appropriate materials to enhance earthquake resistance in URM structures. The study aims to provide valuable insights into the optimization of unreinforced masonry (URM) construction for improved resilience against earthquakes by systematically assessing the impact of different frame materials on the building's seismic performance. This research enhances our comprehension of material science in the context of seismic engineering and provides practical recommendations for the design, renovation, and preservation of masonry buildings in seismically active areas. This contributes to creating safer and more sustainable urban environments.